Withnye isi mmalite nke ọkụ eletrik bụ otu n'ime ihe ịma aka kachasị mkpa nke narị afọ a. Nchọpụta mpaghara na ihe owuwe ihe ubi na ihe na-akpali akpali, gụnyere thermovoctoctac1, photovurtaic2 na thermophotovokotovricticsIcstaks3. Ọ bụ ezie na anyị enweghị ihe na ngwaọrụ nwere ike iwe ihe ubi na nso nso nso a, ihe ndị pyroelectric nwere ike ịtụkwasị ike okpomọkụ na-atụle serveracs nke oge na ume. N'ebe a, anyị amalitelarị ọkụ ọkụ macroscopic na ụdị otu multes nke nwere nke 42 grams nke nduru, na-emepụta 11.2 nke ike n'otu eletrik. Mpempe akwụkwọ pyrolectric ọ bụla nwere ike iwepụta ikuku eletriki na-enweghị ike ruo 4.43 j cm-3 na okirikiri. Anyị na-egosikwa na ụdị modul abụọ dị ka 0.3 g zuru ezu iji na-eme ka ndị na-eweta ihe ubi na microcontroners na ihe mmetụta okpomọkụ. N'ikpeazụ, anyị na-egosi nke ahụ maka ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke 10 k, ndị a multilayer ndị a nwere ike iru arụmọrụ 40%. Ngwongwo ndị a bụ (1) Mgbapụta Mgbanwe Ọdịda Maka arụmọrụ dị elu, (2) dị ala dị ugbu a iji gbochie ikuku, (3) voltaji dị elu. Ndị a macroscopic ndị a, na-agbagha ma na-agbagha ma na-eme ka ihe ike pyroelectric ike.
E jiri ya tụnyere ihe owuwu okpomọkụ nke na-enweghị atụ chọrọ maka ihe ọkụkụ. Nke a pụtara na usoro a na-eto eto, nke a na-akọwapụta site na ọdụ (s) -Temprisase (t) eserese. Ọgụgụ 1a na-egosi ụdị st ibé nke na-abụghị linear (nlp) ihe na-egosiputa mgbanwe mpaghara na-asọpụta na scandium duden (PST). Mpempe akwụkwọ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na eserese STEAS kwekọrọ na ike eletrik na Olson olson (ishothermal abụọ na mpaghara abụọ). N'ebe a, anyị na-atụle corcles abụọ nwere otu mgbanwe ọkụ eletrik (ubi na Gbanyụọ) na mgbanwe ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ΔT, ma ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ ọhụụ dị iche iche. Okirikiri akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ adịghị na mpaghara ntụgharị oge ma si otú a nwee obere mpaghara karịa okirikiri na-acha anụnụ anụnụ dị na mpaghara ntụgharị. Na eserese st, ka ukwuu mpaghara ahụ buru ibu nke ike ka ukwuu. Ya mere, usoro ntụgharị ga-anakọta ike ọzọ. Mkpa mpaghara buru ibu na Nlp yiri mkpa nke ngwa electrotherMalT9, 10, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12 Ọnọdụ ịdị jụụ na usoro nke 13,14,15,16. Ya mere, anyị achọpụtala PST MLC nke mmasị maka owuwe ihe ubi. Emeela ihe nlere ndị a n'ụzọ zuru ezu na usoro ma mara na mgbakwunye ndetu 1 (scanning microncropy), 2 (X-ray sufration) na 3 (kalorimetry).
A, skerapy (s) -Temprease (t) na-eji ala eletriki na-etinye ihe na-egosi NLP na-egosi ntụgharị usoro. A na-egosi usoro nchịkọta nke ume abụọ na mpaghara okpomọkụ abụọ. Cycles na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-eme n'ime ma na-abụghị usoro mgbanwe, n'otu n'otu, na njedebe dị iche iche nke elu. b, abụọ de ps ps ps ps ps ulc, 1 mm oke, tụrụ n'etiti 0 na 15 na 200 Celsius C na 90 Celsius Cycles. Akwụkwọ ozi ABCD na-ezo aka na steeti dị iche iche na usoro Olson. AB: E boro ebubo na 155 kV cm-1 na 20 Celsius C. BC: MLLC nọgidere na 155 kV cm-1 na okpomọkụ ahụ zụlitere ruo 90 Celsius C. CD: MLC Discharges na 90 Celsius C. DA: MLC chiri na 20 Celsius C na Zero ubi. Mpaghara na-acha anụnụ anụnụ kwekọrọ na ikike ntinye chọrọ iji malite okirikiri. Mpaghara oroma bụ ike anakọtara na otu okirikiri. C, Top Panel, voltaji (ojii) na oge ugbu a (acha ọbara ọbara) na oge okirikiri Olson dị ka b. Ntinye abụọ ahụ na-anọchi anya nny voltaji na ugbu a na isi ihe dị na okirikiri. Na obere panel, odo na akwụkwọ ndụ na-anọchi anya okpomọkụ na akụkụ ike, n'otu n'otu, maka 1 mm oké mlc. A na-agbakọ ike site na akụkụ dị ugbu a na voltaji n'elu panel. Ike na-adịghị mma kwekọrọ na ike nchịkọta. Nzọụkwụ ndị kwekọrọ na mkpụrụedemede ukwu na ọnụọgụ anọ ahụ bụ otu ihe dị na olson usoro. Okirikiri a na-abanye na usoro ịgbagharị na-agagharị (ederede ọzọ 7).
Ebe E na D bụ mpaghara eletriki na mpaghara mkpọchi eletrik, n'otu n'otu. Enwere ike inweta ND na-arụ ọrụ site na sekit (fig 1b) ma ọ bụ ozugbo site na ịmalite usoro ọkụ. A kọwara usoro kachasị baa uru site na Olsen n'ọrụ ịsụ ụzọ na-arụ ọrụ ọsụ ụzọ na-emekọ ike na 1980s17.
Na fig. 1B na-egosi loopops abụọ nke 1 mm oke pst-mlc ụdị gbakọtara na 200 Celsius C, n'ọtụtụ kv cm-1 (600 v). Enwere ike iji cycles abụọ a iji gbakọọ ike nchịkwa nke Olson usoro egosiri na eserese 1A. N'ezie, usoro olsen nwere alaka abụọ (ebe a, n'ọhịa efu na alaka na 155 km alaka) na 20 Celsius na 20 Celsius). C na ngalaba CD) ike anakọtara n'oge okirikiri kwekọrọ na mpaghara oroma na-acha anụnụ anụnụ (Edd Indesical). Achịkọtara ike ND bụ ihe dị iche na ntinye na mmepụta, ya bụ mpaghara oroma na fig. 1b. Usoro Olson okirikiri nke a na-enye ND IKE ENT RENTE ND 1.78 J cm-3. Okirikiri na-agagharị bụ ihe ọzọ na Olson olcle (rịọrọ ihe ngosi 7). N'ihi na akwụna ụgwọ oge niile (mepee sekit) Nke a bụ naanị 70% nke ihe Olson okirikiri nwere ike ịnakọta, mana akụrụngwa iwe ihe dị mfe na-eme ya.
Na mgbakwunye, anyị na-ahụ ike anakọtara n'oge okirikiri Olson site na iji ike PST MLC na-eji ogbo na mita isi (usoro). Ọgụgụ 1C na ọtụtụ ndị na-ejikarị na-egosi ugbu a (nke na-acha ọbara ọbara) anakọtara na otu 1 mm oké psm mlc dị ka okirikiri Olop. Ugbu a na voltaji na-eme ka o kwe omume ịgbakọ ume anakọtara, a na-egosipụta akụkụ ahụ na fig. 1c, ala (green) na okpomọkụ (odo) na usoro ahụ. Akwụkwọ ozi ABCD na-anọchi anya otu Olson usoro na Fig 1. MLC na-eme n'oge Ab ma na-eme na ala dị ugbu a (200 μa), ya mere teachater nwere ike ịchịkwa chajị. Nsonaazụ nke mbụ dị ugbu a bụ na ụdị ọkụ eletrik (akara ojii) abụghị eriri n'ihi ikike mpụga mpaghara D PSS (AUGHET. Na njedebe nke chaja, 30 mj nke ike eletriki echekwara na MLC (Point b). MLC mgbe ahụ na-ekpo ọkụ na nke na-adịghị mma (ya mere, a na-emepụta ihe dị ugbu a) nke a, mgbe ọnọdụ a na-ahụ maka ikuku eletrik (intet nke abụọ na fig 1c. A na-ebelata voltaji na MLC (alaka CD) wee belata, na-ebute na 60 mj nke ọrụ eletrik. Ngụkọta mmepụta bụ 95 mj. Ike nchịkọta ahụ bụ ihe dị iche n'etiti ntinye na ume mmepụta, nke na-enye 95 - 305 = 65 mj. Nke a kwekọrọ na njupụta ike nke 1.84 j cm-3, nke dị nso na ND wepụtara na mgbanaka. Ntụgharị uche nke Olson na-anwalewo nke ọma (Ntinye uche 4). Site na ịbawanye voltaji na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ, anyị na-enweta 4.43 J cm-3 na-eji Olsen Olc Pst na 1) na 175 Celsius C (Ntinye ederede 5). Nke a bụ ugboro anọ karịa ịrụ ọrụ kachasị mma na-akọ na akwụkwọ maka Olcles Olson ma nweta PT) (1.06 J cm-3) maka ụkpụrụ ndị ọzọ na akwụkwọ). A na-enweta arụmọrụ a dị ala nke dị ala nke MLCs ndị a (<10-7 a na 70 v na mgbakwunye na ihe ndị a na-eji eme ihe na mbido ọmụmụ gara aga17,20. A na-enweta arụmọrụ a dị ala nke dị ala nke MLCs ndị a (<10-7 a na 70 v na mgbakwunye na ihe ndị a na-eji eme ihe na mbido ọmụmụ gara aga17,20. Na наракте ОТтткнутигнутигнутигнутигодача низку д ппоолнительчнии 6) - крритик момен момен момен момен мментый ий 19 - В отлие Опользользолеванным ваолеихияv170. A na-enweta njirimara ndị a n'ihi obere obere obere nke MLCs ndị a (<10-7 a na 750 v na 180 v na 180 V na 180 V na 180 V na Smith Et nke a kpọtụrụ aha. 19 - na ọdịiche n'ihe eji eme ihe na mbido ọmụmụ gara aga17,20.MLC 的泄漏电流非常低 (在 750 v 和 180 Celsius C 时 <10-7 A, 请参见补充说明 6 中的详细信息) - Smith 等人 19 提到的关键点 17,20.这些 MLC 的 (在 在 在 185 在 180 Celsius C 时 <10-7 a, 参见 补充 详细 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下, 已经达到了这种性能到早期研究中使用的材料 17.20. Поскольку ток уок уок учч Очч m низчеий (<10-750 и 180 в, кллюй ммент, упомятуй смитт и 19 - для серавния, были достигнуты артитыте Ebe ọ bụ na ngwakọ ndị a dị ugbu a na MLC ndị a dị ala (<10-7 a na 750 v na 180 V na 180 V na 180 V na 180 V na nke Smith et al. 19 - maka ntụnyere, emere arụ ọrụ ndị a.ihe eji eme ihe na mbu nke 17,20.
Otu ọnọdụ (600 v, 20-90 Celsius C) etinyere na usoro ịgbagharị (ịdenye ọkwa 7). Dị ka a tụrụ anya ya na nsonaazụ nke de okirikiri, mkpụrụ bụ 41.0 mj. Otu n'ime njiri mara kachasị njọ nke ịgba ọgba aghara na-agagharị bụ ike ha iji gosipụta voltaji mbụ site na ebe a na-enwe ahụ ike. Anyị na-enweta uru voltaji ruo 39 (site na voltal mbụ nke 15 v ruo na njedebe nke voltaji ruo 590 v, lee ihe mgbakwunye fig. 7.2).
Akụkụ ọzọ dị iche na nke MLC ndị a bụ na ha bụ ihe Macroscopic ihe buru ibu zuru oke iji nakọta ume na nsonu. Ya mere, anyị rụrụ ọrụ dị iche iche (Harv1) site na iji 28 mm oke, na-agbaso matrik na-eme ka ọ dị na fig na-eji okpomoku abụọ. Na anakọta ihe 31 J Iji Olson Usoro Olson kọwara na fig. 2A, ISHothermeons mpaghara na 10 Celsius C na 125 Celsius C na Isofial mpaghara na 0 na 750 v (195 kV cm-1). Nke a kwekọrọ na njupụta ike nke 3.14 j cm-3. Iji nke a na-ejikọ, a na-ewere ọnọdụ n'ọnọdụ dịgasị iche iche (Fig 1b). Rịba ama na 1.8 a nwetara n'elu ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke 80 Celsius C na voltaji nke 600 v (155 kV cm-1). Nke a bụ na nkwekọrịta dị mma na mbụ m kwuru na mbụ 1 mm nnukwu PST MLC n'okpuru otu ọnọdụ (28 × 65 = 1820 mj).
A, Mbido Mbido nke otu ụlọ nzukọ sitere na 28 MLC PSSS 1 mm Oké (4 Rows × 7 na-agba na usoro Olson. N'ihi na ọ bụla n'ime usoro akụkụ anọ ahụ, a na-enye ọnọdụ okpomọkụ anọ na voltage na Prototype. Kọmputa ahụ na-a draịpịpụta na-eme ihe mgbochi na-eme ka mmiri dị n'etiti mmiri na-acha odo odo na-ekpo ọkụ, na valvel abụọ, na isi iyi. Kọmputa ahụ na-ejikwa ọkụ na-anakọta data na voltaji na nke ugbu a na prototype na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke ngwakọta site na ike ọkọnọ. b, ike (agba) anakọtara site na 4 × 7 mlc: X-Axis) na voltaji (y-axis) na nnwale dị iche iche.
A na-enwekarị ụdị nke Harvester (Harv2) na 60 PS MM MLC (41 mm psc (41.7 g na-arụ ọrụ pyrolectric) nyere 11.2 J (Ntinye ederede 8). N'afọ 1984, Olsen mere ike nke ike dabere na 317 g nke pb-dooded pb (zr, ti) o3 custound cold 6.23 ° C (Ref. 21). Maka nke a, nke a bụ naanị uru ọzọ dị na nso nsonu. Ọ karịrị ọkara karịa uru anyị bara na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ugboro asaa. Nke a pụtara na ike njupụta nke Harv2 dị ugboro 13 dị elu.
Oge Harv1 bụ sekọnd 57. Nke a mepụtara 54 mw nke ike na ahịrị 4 nke kọlụm 7 mm oké MLC setts. Iji mee ya otu nzọụkwụ ọzọ, anyị wuru otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ (harv3) na-a 0.5mm oké ps na ntọala yiri nke Harv1 na ndenye ederede nke 9). Anyị tụrụ oge ọkụ nke 12.5 sekọnd. Nke a dabara na oge okirikiri 25 s (mgbakwunye fig. 9). Achịkọtara ume (47 mj) na-enye ike eletrik nke 1.95 mw kwa mlc, nke na-enye anyị ohere iche na Harv2 na-arụpụta 095 w (ihe ruru 1.9 mm mwc 0.5 mm oké). Na mgbakwunye, anyị na-eme ka nnyefe ọkụ dị ọcha site na iji usoro dị mma (comsol, na-eweta ndenye akwụkwọ 10 na mgbakwunye kwekọrọ na nnwale nke Harv1. Ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ka o kwe omume ịkọ ihe dị ka usoro nke ịdị elu nke pSC ruo 0.2 mm, na-eme ka matrix ruo asaa. × 4 kọlụm (na mgbakwunye na, e nwere 960 mw mgbe tank ahụ dị n'akụkụ nchikota, mgbakwunye fig. 10b).
Iji gosipụta uru nke onye na-anakọta a, a na-etinye usoro mgbaze ya na ngosipụta zuru oke na-agbanwe agbanwe, ihe ngbanwe nke nchekwa, ihe na-adịghị ala ala ma na-eme ka ihe odide nyocha). Circitkiki chọrọ nchekwa nchekwa na mbụ boro ebubo na 6V wee na-arụkwa onwe ya CO 85 CHUST RE (PETCles nke 160 s (ọtụtụ cycles na-egosi na ndenye ederede 11). N'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, mlcs na-erikpu naanị 0.3g nwere ike na-ejikwa nnukwu usoro a. Ihe omume ozo di nma bu na ihe nchoputa di ala di ala nwere ike itughari 400v rue 10-15V na arụmọrụ 79) arụmọrụ 11 na mgbakwunye ọnụ ọgụgụ 11.3).
N'ikpeazụ, anyị na-enyocha arụmọrụ nke molc ndị a na-agbanwe ike ikuku n'ime ike eletriki. A kọwara ihe dị mma na arụmọrụ dị ka ogo nke njupụta nke ike eletrik nke anakọtara ngụkọta eletrik Qin (Ntinye aha 12):
Ihe osise 3A, B G gosiputa arụmọrụ η na-eme ka usoro ihe olsen rụọ ọrụ, dịka ọrụ nke ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke 0,5 mm oké okpomọkụ psc. A na-enye ha abụọ maka ikuku eletrik nke 195 kV cm-1. Ọrụ \ (\ nke a \) ruru 1.43%, nke ya na 18% nke ηr. Agbanyeghị, maka ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke 10 k site na 25 Celsius C ka 35 Celsius C, ηr ruru ụkpụrụ ruru 40% (usoro na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na fig 3b). Nke a bụ uru ihe a ma ama maka ihe ndị a na-ede na PMN-PT Fills (ηr = 19%) na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke 10 k na 300 kV cm-1 (ref. 18). Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị n'okpuru 10 k ka e weghara n'ihi na ọkụ ọkụ nke PST MLC dị n'agbata 5 na 8 k. Ghọpụtara nke ọma nke ntụgharị usoro dị oke mkpa. N'ezie, ụkpụrụ kachasị mma nke η na ηr fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na a na-enweta ihe niile enweta na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ Ti = 25 Celsius C na fig. 3A, b. Nke a bụ n'ihi ngbanwe usoro mgbe ọ bụla etinyere ubi na currie okpomọkụ TC bụ ihe dị ka 20 Celsius C na ndị a MLCS (Ntụle ndenye 13).
A, B, arụmọrụ η na arụmọrụ nke Olson usoro (a) {\ et} carda} {v rm cm-1 na okpomọkụ mbụ dị iche iche Ti, }} \, \) (b) maka mpc ps nke MPC PSS 0,5 mm siri ike, dabere na usoro okpomoku ΔTSPAN.
Nlele nke ikpeazu nwere ihe abuo di nkpa: (1) Ighari uzo obula kwesiri ibido na okpomoku di elu karia TC maka oria a na-akpata ya; (2) Ihe ndị a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na oge na-agba ọsọ nso na TC. Ọ bụ ezie na egosiri nnukwu arụmọrụ na nnwale anyị, oke okpomọkụ anaghị ekwe ka anyị nweta nnukwu arụmọrụ n'ihi na ọ bụ njedebe nke Carnit (\ Delta t / t \)). Agbanyeghị, arụmọrụ dị mma gosipụtara site na ndị a PST MLCS ziri ezi mgbe o kwuru na "ezigbo klas 20 na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na 300 Celsius C nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke 30%" 17. Iji ruo ụkpụrụ ndị a ma nwalee echiche, ọ ga-aba uru iji PSS PSS na TC dị iche iche, dị ka Shebanov na Bọban na-amụ. Ha gosipụtara na TC na PC nwere ike ịdị iche site na 3 Celsius C (SB DOPing) ruo 33 Celsius C (ti na-akụ) 22. Ya mere, anyị hypothesize na-esote ọgbọ ọzọ na-abịa na doped PS MLCS ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịgbaghachị usoro nke mbụ nwere ike itolite na ndị na-ewepụta ikike ike kachasị mma.
N'ime ọmụmụ ihe a, anyị na-enyocha MLCS nke emere site na PSTs. Ngwaọrụ ndị a nwere usoro pt na kọmputa pst, ebe enwere ọtụtụ ndị na-ejikọ ya na myirịta. A họọrọ PST n'ihi na ọ bụ ihe kachasị mma na ya mere ihe eji eme ya. Ọ na-egosipụta usoro ntụgharị nke mbụ na-egosi 20 Celsius C, na-egosi na mgbanwe ndị gosipụtara na fig. 1. N'ime omumu a, anyi jiri 10.4 × 7.2 mm³ na 10.4 × 7.2 0.5 mm³ mlc. MLCs na ọkpụrụkpụ nke 1 mm na 0,5 mm site na 19 na 9 n'ígwé nke PSS na ọkpụrụkpụ nke 38.6 μm, n'otu n'otu. N'okwu abụọ ahụ, a na-etinye oyi akwa nke PS dị n'etiti 2.05 μm nnukwu platinum hothor. Usoro nke MLC ndị a na-eche na 55% nke PSS na-arụ ọrụ, kwekọrọ n'akụkụ n'etiti electrodes (Ntụleta 1). Mpaghara elektrọde ahụ dị 48.7 mm2 (Ntụle na-enye gị). A kwadebere MLC PST site na mmeghachi omume na usoro nkedo. A kọwawo nkọwa nke usoro nkwadebe na ederede gara aga14. Otu n'ime ọdịiche dị n'etiti PSS MLC na edemede gara aga bụ usoro nke B-saịtị b-sats, nke na-emetụta arụmọrụ nke EC na PST. Usoro nke BST MLC bụ 0.75 (mgbakwunye ederede nke 2) enwetara site na ịselata na 1400 nke awa na 1000 Celsius. Maka ozi ndị ọzọ na PS MLC, lee mgbakwunye ihe ndị edeturu 1-3 na mgbakwunye tebụl 5.
Isi echiche nke ọmụmụ a sitere na okirikiri Olson (Fig 1). Maka usoro dị otú ahụ, anyị chọrọ ebe nchekwa na-ekpo ọkụ na nke na-enweghị ike na-enweghị ike nyochaa ma na-achịkwa voltaji na ugbu a na modulu MLC dị iche iche. Usoro usoro ndị a ji nhazi abụọ dị iche iche, ya bụ (1) Mitting Curning kpo oku ma na-ekpo ọkụ (2), Harv2 na Harv3) na otu ikike ahụ. N'ọnọdụ nke ikpeazụ, mmiri na-acha odo odo (mmanụ silicone na viscosity nke 5 CP na 25 CP na Segma) na-agbanwe agbanwe na mmiri abụọ (ọkụ na oyi) na mlc. Ebe a na-eme ihe mkpuchi ahụ mejupụtara iko iko jupụtara na mmiri mmiri dielactric ma tinye ya n'elu efere oku. Nchekwa oyi mejupụtara mmiri ịsa ahụ na akpa mmiri nwere mmiri na-acha odo odo na nnukwu akpa rọba jupụtara na mmiri na ice. A na-etinye mpempe akwụkwọ atọ (zụrụ site na njedebe nke ihe ọ bụla na njedebe nke ngwakọta ahụ iji gbanye mmiri site na otu olulu gaa na nke ọzọ (Figure 2a). Iji hụ na ngwungwu ikuku dị n'etiti Pstc ngwugwu na jụụ, a na-agbatịkwu ya ruo mgbe intoctouples (dị ka o kwere mee na ngwugwu PSTS) gosipụtara otu okpomọkụ. Ihe odide Python na-ejizi ya na Mischronizes Ngwá Ọrụ niile (Isi Ihe, Mgbapụta, na-akwụ ụgwọ nke ọma na ọkụ ọkụ a na-achọ maka olson e nyere usoro.
N'aka nke ọzọ, anyị ekwenyewo na nha ndị a nke anakọtara ike anakọtara na ụzọ ndị na-adịghị mma. Thezọ ndị a na-adịghị mma na-egosi na ọpụpụ eletriki (D) - Ulo eletriki (E) Lọ na-agbakọ mpaghara abụọ, mmadụ nwere ike ịkọwapụta etu enwere ike isi napụta ike dị ka egosiri. na eserese 2. .1b. A na-anakọtakwa loops ndị a na-eji Mithiity Pomit Pilters.
A na - ezikọ ụzọ iri abụọ na asatọ, a ga - ezukọ na 1-ahiri, 7-kọlụm dị ka ihe osise ahụ akọwapụtara na akwụkwọ ahụ. 14 A na-enweta nke a site na ịgbakwunye mpempe teepu abụọ dị ka oghere mmiri na gburugburu ọnụ nke PST MLC. PST MLC na-ejikọ Electrically na njikọta ọla ọcha epoxy na kọntaktị electrode. Mgbe nke ahụ gasị, Wires ọla ọcha na-acha ọbara ọbara na akụkụ ọ bụla nke ọnụ ụzọ electrode maka njikọ na ọkọnọ. N'ikpeazụ, tinye ihe owuwu ahụ n'ime polyolet hose. Nke ikpeazụ a ga-emegharị na mmiri ahụ iji hụ na akara kwesịrị ekwesị. N'ikpeazụ, a na-ewu usoro ihe a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ thermocouples na-arụ ọrụ ọ bụla na njedebe nke PST-MLC iji nyochaa inlet na mpụga mmiri. Iji mee nke a, a ga-ebu ụzọ kọwaa ihe mgbochi. Mgbe ị wụnye thermocouple ahụ, tinye otu ihe nrapado dị ka tupu etiti thermocouple hose na waya iji weghachi akara ahụ.
Eight separate prototypes were built, four of which had 40 0.5 mm thick MLC PSTs distributed as parallel plates with 5 columns and 8 rows, and the remaining four had 15 1 mm thick MLC PSTs each. Na 3-kọlụm × 5-Femper yiri ihe owuwu. Onu ogugu nke PST MLCS eji bu 220 (160 0.5 mm ukwu na 60 ps mlc 1 mm nnukwu). Anyị na-akpọ ndu abụọ a bụ Harv2_160 na Harv2_60. Gap mmiri mmiri dị na Prototype Harv2_160 mejupụtara ite abụọ nwere akụkụ abụọ nke 0.25 mm oke nwere waya 0.25 mm dị n'etiti ha. Maka harv2_60 prototype, anyị ugboro ugboro ugboro ugboro, ma jiri 0.38 mm oké waya. Maka Symmetry, Harv2_160 na Harv2_60 nwere usoro ikuku nke ha na mmiri nke ha, vasvụ na akụkụ 8). Abụọ nke abụọ na-ekekọta ebe a na-edebe ahịhịa dị ọkụ (30 cm x 20 cm x 5 cm) na efere abụọ na-ekpo ọkụ. A na-ejikọ ihe ndị a na-eme asatọ n'otu n'otu n'otu n'otu na ya na njikọta. Harv2_160 na Harv2_60 subsits na-arụ ọrụ n'otu oge na usoro Olson na-ebute owuwe ihe ubi nke 11.2 J.
Debe 0,5mm oké ps mlc na polyument home nwere teepu abụọ na waya na abụọ iji mepụta oghere maka mmiri mmiri iji mepụta oghere maka mmiri. N'ihi obere obere ya, a na-etinye usoro a na valvoir ọkụ ma ọ bụ oyi mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ, belata oge okirikiri.
Na PS MLC, a na-etinye ala eletriki mgbe niile site na itinye voltaji na-ekpo ọkụ. N'ihi ya, a na-echekwa ọkụ ọkụ na-adịghị mma. Mgbe kpochapụrụ PST MLC, a na-ewepụ ubi (v = 0), na ike echekwara na ya eweghachila na tebụl isi, nke kwekọrọ na otu onyinye nke ike nchịkọta. N'ikpeazụ, na voltaji v = 0 etinyere, a na-ajụ psts psts na mbụ ha ka ọ bụrụ na okirikiri ahụ nwere ike ịmalite ọzọ. Na ọkwa a, anaghị anakọta ume. Anyị na-agba ọsọ Olsen na-eji keithon 2410 templemeter, na-akwụ ụgwọ PST MLC site na uru ọkụkụ dị ugbu a ka anakọtara isi ihe ndị dị ugbu a maka mgbakọ na-atọ ụtọ.
E boro TSRIRGY Cycles, e boro PST MLC na ọnọdụ elu voltata na uru ọkụ eletrik mbụ (nke mbụ na-ewe ihe dị ka 1 s (na isi ihe zuru ezu na-ezukọ maka mgbakọ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya) na oyi okpomọkụ. E boro TSRIRGY Cycles, e boro PST MLC na ọnọdụ elu voltata na uru ọkụ eletrik mbụ (nke mbụ na-ewe ihe dị ka 1 s (na isi ihe zuru ezu na-ezukọ maka mgbakọ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya) na oyi okpomọkụ. А ивлинга PSC MLC зарижисьжжжиме н ваочччча начания полаческомеского эоля зколи (нчальное напряжение Vi> 0), pịaаемоо 1 зокооом даостаточччччччччччч Họrọчесточек даччд раного ра эачергия) Аолодная [а Na usoro ịgba ọsọ PST MLC, e boro ha ebubo na ọnọdụ elu voltaji na mbụ nke ikuku eletriki (nke mbụ na-enweta ihe dị ka ihe dị ka 1 s (na ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru ezu na-anakọta maka ịgbakọ ume) na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ., PS MLC 在电压源模式下以初始电场值 (初始电压 vi> 0) 充电, 所需的顺应电流使得充电步骤大约需要 1 秒 (并且收集了足够的点以可靠地计算能量) 和低温. Na Master okirikiri, a na-ebo PSTC na-akwụ ụgwọ na uru ọkụ eletrik mbụ (nke mbụ Vollation dị ugbu a, anyị na-anakọta isi ihe dị iche iche na-agbakọ (ume) na obere okpomọkụ. Стирлинга рарингожаежимимеа В Наения (Наческоескоескоескоескоескоескоескоескоескоескоескоескоескоескоескоескоескоескоескоескоескоескоескоескоесоескоескоеского НАпряжение vi> 0), Требуебудатлимосточ Họrọчестоо тЕкчччччччччччччччддчч ччч ччччччччччччччччччччччччччччччччччччччччччччччччччччччччч)))) wи Na usoro mgbairki ahụ, a na-ebo PST MLC na ọnọdụ elu voltaji nwere uru mbụ nke ikuku eletriki (Volta na-ahụ maka ihe dị ka 1 s (na ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru ezu na-anakọta iji gbakọọ ume) na obere okpomọkụ.Tupu PS MLC kpo oku, mepee sekit site na itinye ihe dakọtara ugbu a i = 0 ma (opekata mpe ọfụma ugbu a na isi mmalite anyị nwere ike ijikwa 10 na). N'ihi nke a, ụgwọ dị ka na-anọgide na PSK nke MJK, na voltaji na-abawanye ka ihe nlele na-efe efe. Enweghị ike anakọtara na ogwe aka BC n'ihi na m = 0 ma. Mgbe o rutere oke okpomoku, voltaji na MLT FT na-abawanye (na oge ụfọdụ, a na-echekwa fig. Otu ozi ahụ ugbu a na-alọghachi na Mkpịsị mmiri. N'ihi uru voltaji, ike echekwara na oke okpomọkụ dị elu karịa ihe enyere na mmalite nke okirikiri. N'ihi ya, a na-enweta ume site na ịtụgharị ọkụ n'ime ọkụ eletrik.
Anyị ji Keithyy 2410 Sourcema nyochaa voltaji na ugbu a etinyere na PS MLC. A na-agbakọ ikike nke ikuku site na ntinye nke voltaji na ugbu a site na igodo Keithyle, \ \ ^ {v \ rm {com (t)}), ebe τ bu oge. Anyị na-ejikọ ike, ikike dị mma pụtara ike anyị ga-enye MLC PSC, ụkpụrụ na-adịghị mma pụtara ike anyị wepụ na ha ma ya mere ike natara. Ike nke ikike maka usoro nchịkọta na-ekpebisi ike site na kere ekekọtakọtara ike site na oge τ.
A na-egosi data niile na ederede ma ọ bụ na ozi ndị ọzọ. A ga-eduzi akwụkwọ ozi na arịrịọ maka ihe ndị dị na ma ọ bụ deta data enyere na isiokwu a.
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Anyị na-ekele n. Funusawa, Y. Tooue, na K. Honda maka enyemaka ha na ịmepụta mlc. P, na, yn, aa, nke JL, VK na Ed na-ahụ maka ịkwado ọrụ a site na ịpakọta C20 / MS / 14718071 / RERE NA Bridges2021 / MS / 16282302 / Secoha / Remay.
Ngalaba Ihe Nchọpụta Ihe na Ngalaba, Luxembourg Institute of Teknụzụ (Ndepụta), Belvoir, Luxembourg