Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ike US (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nchọpụta ọsụ ụzọ na ngalaba nke batrị lithium-ion. Ọtụtụ n'ime nsonaazụ ndị a bụ maka cathode batrị, nke a na-akpọ NMC, nickel manganese na cobalt oxide. Batrị nwere cathode a na-enye Chevrolet Bolt ike ugbu a.
Ndị na-eme nchọpụta Argonne enwetala ọganihu ọzọ na NMC cathodes. Nhazi obere urughuru cathode ọhụrụ nke otu a nwere ike ime ka batrị na-adịgide adịgide na nchekwa, nwee ike ịrụ ọrụ na voltaji dị oke elu ma nye ogologo njem njem.
"Ugbu a, anyị nwere nduzi nke ndị na-emepụta batrị nwere ike iji mee nnukwu nrụgide, ihe cathode na-enweghị oke," Khalil Amin, Argonne Fellow Emeritus.
"Cathodes NMC dị ugbu a na-eweta nnukwu nsogbu maka ọrụ voltaji dị elu," onye osote kemist Guiliang Xu kwuru. Site na ịgba ígwè na-ebufe ụgwọ, arụmọrụ na-ada ngwa ngwa n'ihi nhazi nke cracks na ihe ndị dị na cathode. Ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ, ndị nyocha batrị na-achọ ụzọ ha ga-esi rụkwaa mgbawa ndị a.
Otu ụzọ n'oge gara aga na-eji obere irighiri ihe dị okirikiri mejuputara ọtụtụ irighiri ihe ndị pere mpe. Akụkụ okirikiri buru ibu bụ polycrystalline, nwere ngalaba kristal nke ntụgharị dị iche iche. N'ihi ya, ha nwere ihe ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-akpọ oke ọka n'etiti ụmụ irighiri ihe, nke nwere ike ime ka batrị gbawaa n'oge okirikiri. Iji gbochie nke a, ndị ọrụ Xu na Argonne emepụtalarị ihe mkpuchi polymer na-echebe gburugburu akụkụ nke ọ bụla. Ihe mkpuchi a gbara gburugburu nnukwu akụkụ okirikiri na obere ihe dị n'ime ha.
Ụzọ ọzọ ị ga-esi zere ụdị mgbawa a bụ iji otu kristal otu. Electron microscope nke ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị a gosiri na ha enweghị oke.
Nsogbu maka otu ahụ bụ na cathodes mere site na polycrystals mkpuchi na otu kristal ka na-agbawa n'oge ịgba ígwè. Ya mere, ha mere nyocha nke ukwuu nke ihe ndị a cathode na Advanced Photon Source (APS) na Center for Nanomaterials (CNM) na US Department of Energy Argonne Science Center.
Emere nyocha x-ray dị iche iche na ogwe aka APS ise (11-BM, 20-BM, 2-ID-D, 11-ID-C na 34-ID-E). Ọ bịara bụrụ na ihe ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị chere na ọ bụ otu kristal, dị ka e gosiri site na eletrọn na X-ray microscopy, nwere n'ezie ókè n'ime. Nyocha na nnyefe microscope nke CNM kwadoro nkwubi okwu a.
"Mgbe anyị lere anya n'elu morphology nke ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị a, ha dị ka otu kristal," ọkà mmụta sayensị Wenjun Liu kwuru. â�<“但是，当我们在APS 使用一种称为同步加速器X.界隐藏在内部.” â� <“但是 ， 当 在 使用 使用 种 称为 同步 加速器 x 射线边界 隐藏 在."Otú ọ dị, mgbe anyị ji usoro a na-akpọ synchrotron X-ray diffraction microscopy na usoro ndị ọzọ na APS, anyị chọpụtara na ezoro ezo n'ime."
N'ụzọ dị mkpa, otu ahụ emepụtala usoro iji mepụta otu kristal na-enweghị oke. Nnwale obere mkpụrụ ndụ na cathode otu kristal a na oke voltaji dị elu gosipụtara mmụba 25% na nchekwa ike kwa otu olu na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ enweghị mfu na arụmọrụ karịrị 100 ule cycles. N'ụzọ dị iche, NMC cathodes nke nwere multi-interface otu kristal ma ọ bụ polycrystals mkpuchi gosipụtara nbelata ikike nke 60% ruo 88% n'otu oge ndụ.
Ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ atọm na-ekpughe usoro nke mbelata capacitance cathode. Dị ka Maria Chang, onye nanoscientist na CNM si kwuo, oke nwere ike ịtufu ikuku oxygen mgbe a na-ebuba batrị karịa ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ site na ha. Ọnwụ oxygen a na-eduga na mmebi nke okirikiri cell.
"Ngụkọta anyị na-egosi otú ókèala ahụ nwere ike isi mee ka ikuku oxygen na-ahapụ ya na nrụgide dị elu, nke nwere ike ime ka arụ ọrụ belata," ka Chan kwuru.
Iwepu oke na-egbochi evolushọn oxygen, si otú a na-emeziwanye nchekwa na nkwụsi ike cyclic nke cathode. Ntụnye evolushọn oxygen nwere APS na isi iyi ọkụ dị elu na ngalaba US Department of Energy Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory kwadoro nkwubi okwu a.
"Ugbu a, anyị nwere ụkpụrụ nduzi nke ndị na-emepụta batrị nwere ike iji mee ihe cathode na-enweghị oke ma na-arụ ọrụ na nrụgide dị elu," Khalil Amin, Argonne Fellow Emeritus kwuru. â�<“该指南应适用于NMC 以外的其他正极材料。” â�<“该指南应适用于NMC 以外的其他正极材料。”"Ntuziaka kwesịrị itinye na ihe cathode na-abụghị NMC."
Otu akụkọ gbasara ọmụmụ ihe a pụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature Energy. Na mgbakwunye na Xu, Amin, Liu na Chang, ndị edemede Argonne bụ Xiang Liu, Venkata Surya Chaitanya Kolluru, Chen Zhao, Xinwei Zhou, Yuzi Liu, Liang Ying, Amin Daali, Yang Ren, Wenqian Xu , Junjing Deng, Inhui Hwang, Chengjun Sun, Tao Zhou, Ming Du, na Zonghai Chen. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị si Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Wanli Yang, Qingtian Li, na Zengqing Zhuo), Xiamen University (Jing-Jing Fan, Ling Huang na Shi-Gang Sun) na Tsinghua University (Dongsheng Ren, Xuning Feng na Mingao Ouyang).
Banyere Argonne Center maka Nanomaterials Center maka Nanomaterials, otu n'ime ise US Department of Energy nanotechnology research center, bụ onye ọrụ mba mbụ maka nyocha nanoscale interdisciplinary nanoscale nke US Department of Energy's Office of Science na-akwado. Ọnụ, NSRC na-etolite otu ụlọ ọrụ nkwado nke na-enye ndị nyocha ikike nke ọgbara ọhụrụ maka imepụta, nhazi, ịkọwapụta, na ịmebe ihe nanoscale ma na-anọchite anya nnukwu ego akụrụngwa n'okpuru National Nanotechnology Initiative. NSRC dị na US Department of Energy National Laboratories na Argonne, Brookhaven, Lawrence Berkeley, Oak Ridge, Sandia, na Los Alamos. Maka ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara NSRC DOE, gaa na https://science​.osti.gov/​Us​er​-F er - F a clil it ie s - na-elele.
Isi mmalite Photon Advanced Department of Energy (APS) na Argonne National Laboratory bụ otu n'ime isi mmalite X-ray kachasị mma n'ụwa. APS na-enye ndị obodo nyocha dị iche iche ọkụ X-ray siri ike na sayensị akụrụngwa, kemistri, physics condensed, ndụ na sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi, na nyocha etinyere n'ọrụ. X-ray ndị a dị mma maka ịmụ ihe na ihe ndị dị ndụ, nkesa nke ihe, kemịkalụ, magnetik na steeti eletrọnịkị, yana sistemụ injinịa dị mkpa dị iche iche, site na batrị ruo n'ọkụ injector, nke dị mkpa maka akụ na ụba mba anyị, teknụzụ. . na ahụ The ndabere nke ahụ ike. Kwa afọ, ihe karịrị ndị nchọpụta 5,000 na-eji APS bipụta ihe karịrị akwụkwọ 2,000 na-akọwapụta ihe nchoputa dị mkpa na idozi usoro protein dị ndụ dị mkpa karịa ndị na-eji ụlọ nyocha X-ray ọ bụla ọzọ. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị APS na ndị injinia na-emejuputa teknụzụ ọhụrụ bụ ihe ndabere maka imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke ngwa ngwa na isi mmalite ọkụ. Nke a na-agụnye ngwaọrụ ntinye nke na-emepụta ụzarị X-ray na-egbuke egbuke nke ndị nyocha na-asọpụrụ, lenses nke na-elekwasị anya X-ray ruo nanometer ole na ole, ngwá ọrụ na-eme ka ụzọ X-ray si emekọrịta ihe na nlele a na-amụ, na nchịkọta na njikwa nke nchọpụta APS. Nnyocha na-emepụta nnukwu data.
Ọmụmụ ihe a jiri akụrụngwa sitere na Advanced Photon Source, ngalaba US Department of Energy Office of Science User Center nke Argonne National Laboratory na-arụ maka Ngalaba Ike Office of Science nke US n'okpuru akara nkwekọrịta DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The Argonne National Laboratory na-agbalịsi ike idozi nsogbu ndị siri ike nke sayensị ụlọ na teknụzụ. Dị ka ụlọ nyocha mba mbụ na United States, Argonne na-eduzi nyocha dị oke mkpa ma tinye ya n'ọrụ n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọzụzụ sayensị ọ bụla. Ndị na-eme nchọpụta Argonne na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na ndị nchọpụta sitere na narị otu narị ụlọ ọrụ, mahadum, na gọọmenti etiti, steeti na ụlọ ọrụ ime obodo iji nyere ha aka dozie nsogbu ụfọdụ, kwalite nduzi sayensị US, na ịkwadebe mba ahụ maka ọdịnihu ka mma. Argonne na-ewe ndị ọrụ sitere na mba 60 ma UChicago Argonne, LLC nke Ngalaba Sayensị nke Ngalaba Ike US na-elekọta ya.
Ọfịs Sayensị nke Ngalaba Ike US bụ mba kachasị na-akwado nyocha bụ isi na sayensị anụ ahụ, na-arụ ọrụ iji lebara ụfọdụ okwu siri ike nke oge anyị anya. Maka ozi ndị ọzọ, gaa na https://energy.gov/scienceience.