Ndị nchọpụta na Argonne National Laboratory nke Ngalaba Ike nke US (DOE) nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme ogologo oge nke nchọpụta ndị mbụ n'ọhịa nke batrị lithium-ion. Ọtụtụ n'ime nsonaazụ ndị a bụ maka katode batrị, nke a na-akpọ NMC, nickel manganese na cobalt oxide. Batrị nwere katode a na-enye Chevrolet Bolt ike ugbu a.
Ndị nchọpụta Argonne enwetala ọganihu ọzọ na katọde NMC. Ọdịdị obere katọde ọhụrụ nke otu ahụ nwere ike ime ka batrị ahụ sie ike ma dịkwa nchebe, nwee ike ịrụ ọrụ na oke voltaji dị elu ma nye oke njem dị ogologo.
“Ugbu a, anyị nwere nduzi nke ndị na-emepụta batrị nwere ike iji mee ihe ndị nwere nrụgide dị elu, nke na-enweghị ókèala,” ka Khalil Amin, onye otu Argonne Fellow Emeritus.
“Katodes NMC dị adị na-eweta nnukwu nsogbu maka ọrụ voltaji dị elu,” ka onye enyemaka kemistri Guiliang Xu kwuru. Site na ịgbagharị chaja-mgbapụta, arụmọrụ ya na-ebelata ngwa ngwa n'ihi mgbawa nke ihe ndị dị na katode. Ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ, ndị nchọpụta batrị anọwo na-achọ ụzọ isi rụzie mgbawa ndị a.
Otu ụzọ e si eme ihe n'oge gara aga bụ obere ihe gbara okirikiri nke nwere ọtụtụ obere ihe ndị dị obere. Nnukwu ihe gbara okirikiri bụ polycrystalline, nwere ngalaba kristal nke dị iche iche. N'ihi ya, ha nwere ihe ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-akpọ ókè ọka n'etiti ihe ndị ahụ, nke nwere ike ime ka batrị gbawaa n'oge okirikiri. Iji gbochie nke a, ndị ọrụ ibe Xu na Argonne emepụtala mkpuchi polymer nchebe gburugburu ihe ọ bụla. Mkpuchi a na-agba gburugburu nnukwu ihe gbara okirikiri na obere ihe ndị dị n'ime ha.
Ụzọ ọzọ isi zere ụdị mgbawa a bụ iji otu mkpụrụ kristal. Electron mikroskopi nke mkpụrụ ndị a gosiri na ha enweghị ókè.
Nsogbu nke ndị otu ahụ nwere bụ na katọde e ji polycrystals a kpụchara akpụcha na kristal otu agba ka na-agbawa agbawa n'oge ịgba ígwè. Ya mere, ha mere nyocha sara mbara nke ihe ndị a na Advanced Photon Source (APS) na Center for Nanomaterials (CNM) na Argonne Science Center nke Ngalaba Ike nke US.
E mere ọtụtụ nyocha x-ray na ogwe aka APS ise (11-BM, 20-BM, 2-ID-D, 11-ID-C na 34-ID-E). O wee pụta na ihe ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị chere na ọ bụ otu kristal, dịka e gosiri site na igwe elektrọn na igwe X-ray, nwere oke n'ime. Nnyocha na nnyefe igwe elektrọn nke CNMs kwadoro nkwubi okwu a.
“Mgbe anyị lere anya n'ọdịdị elu nke ihe ndị a, ha dị ka otu kristal,” ka ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara sayensị bụ́ Wenjun Liu kwuru. â�<“但是，当我们在APS 使用一种称为同步加速器X射线衍射显微镜的技术和其他技术时，我们发现边界隐藏在内部。 â� <“但是 ， 当 在 使用 使用 种 称为 同步 加速器 x 射线发现 边界 隐藏 在。"Agbanyeghị, mgbe anyị jiri usoro a na-akpọ synchrotron X-ray diffraction microscopy na usoro ndị ọzọ na APS, anyị chọpụtara na ókèala ndị ahụ zoro ezo n'ime."
Ihe dị mkpa bụ na ndị otu ahụ emepụtala ụzọ isi mepụta otu kristal na-enweghị oke. Nnwale obere mkpụrụ ndụ nwere otu kristal a na voltaji dị elu gosiri mmụba 25% na nchekwa ike kwa olu otu na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla furu efu na arụmọrụ karịa usoro nnwale 100. N'ụzọ dị iche, cathodes NMC nke ejiri ọtụtụ kristal otu ma ọ bụ polycrystals kpuchie mee gosiri mbelata ikike nke 60% ruo 88% n'otu ndụ ahụ.
Ngụkọta nha atọm na-ekpughe usoro nke mbelata ikike katode. Dịka Maria Chang, ọkachamara nanoscientist na CNM si kwuo, oke nwere ike ịlafu atọm oxygen mgbe batrị chajị karịa ebe ndị dị anya site na ha. Mfu oxygen a na-eduga na mmebi nke usoro mkpụrụ ndụ.
"Ngụkọta anyị na-egosi otu ókèala nwere ike isi mee ka a tọhapụ oxygen na nrụgide dị elu, nke nwere ike ibute mbelata arụmọrụ," Chan kwuru.
Iwepụ ókèala ahụ na-egbochi mgbanwe ikuku oxygen, si otú a na-eme ka nchekwa na nkwụsi ike nke kathode dịkwuo mma. Ntụle mgbanwe ikuku oxygen site na iji APS na isi iyi ọkụ dị elu na Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory nke Ngalaba Ike nke US kwadoro nkwubi okwu a.
“Ugbu a, anyị nwere ntuziaka ndị ndị na-emepụta batrị nwere ike iji mee ihe katode nke na-enweghị oke ma na-arụ ọrụ na nrụgide dị elu,” ka Khalil Amin, Argonne Fellow Emeritus kwuru. â�<“该指南应适用于NMC 以外的其他正极材料。” â�<“该指南应适用于NMC 以外的其他正极材料。”"Ntuziaka kwesịrị ịdị na ihe ndị ọzọ e ji katod mee ma e wezụga NMC."
Otu akụkọ gbasara ọmụmụ ihe a pụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature Energy. Na mgbakwunye na Xu, Amin, Liu na Chang, ndị edemede Argonne bụ Xiang Liu, Venkata Surya Chaitanya Kolluru, Chen Zhao, Xinwei Zhou, Yuzi Liu, Liang Ying, Amin Daali, Yang Ren, Wenqian Xu , Junjing Deng, Inhui Hwang, Chengjun Sun, Tao Zhou. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị si Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Wanli Yang, Qingtian Li, na Zengqing Zhuo), Xiamen University (Jing-Jing Fan, Ling Huang na Shi-Gang Sun) na Tsinghua University (Dongsheng Ren, Xuning Feng na Mingao Ouyang).
Banyere Argonne Center for Nanomaterials Ebe etiti maka Nanomaterials ise nke Ngalaba Ike nke US Center for Nanomaterials, bụ ụlọ ọrụ mba kachasị elu maka nyocha nanoscale dị iche iche nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Sayensị nke Ngalaba Ike nke US na-akwado. NSRCs jikọtara ọnụ na-emepụta ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-enye ndị nchọpụta ikike kachasị elu maka imepụta, nhazi, ịkọwapụta, na ịmepụta ihe nanoscale ma na-anọchite anya nnukwu itinye ego akụrụngwa n'okpuru National Nanotechnology Initiative. NSRC dị na Ngalaba Ike nke US National Laboratories na Argonne, Brookhaven, Lawrence Berkeley, Oak Ridge, Sandia, na Los Alamos. Maka ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara NSRC DOE, gaa na https://science​.osti​.gov/User​-Facili​lit​ies​s​/ ​Us​ er​-Facili​itie​ies​-at​-a​Glance.
Isi mmalite foton dị elu nke Ngalaba Ike nke US (APS) na Argonne National Laboratory bụ otu n'ime isi mmalite X-ray kachasị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa. APS na-enye X-ray dị elu nye obodo nyocha dị iche iche na sayensị ihe, kemistri, physics ihe a na-ejikọta ọnụ, sayensị ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, na nyocha etinyere. X-ray ndị a dị mma maka ịmụ ihe na nhazi ihe ndị dị ndụ, nkesa nke ihe ndị dị ndụ, ọnọdụ kemịkalụ, magnetik na eletrọnịkị, na sistemụ injinia dị mkpa nke ụdị niile, site na batrị ruo na nozzles mmanụ ọkụ, nke dị mkpa maka akụ na ụba mba anyị, teknụzụ. na ahụ. Ntọala ahụike. Kwa afọ, ihe karịrị ndị nchọpụta 5,000 na-eji APS ebipụta ihe karịrị mbipụta 2,000 na-akọwa nchọpụta dị mkpa na idozi nhazi protein dị mkpa karịa ndị na-eji ebe nyocha X-ray ọ bụla ọzọ. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị injinia APS na-etinye teknụzụ ọhụrụ nke bụ ntọala maka imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke ngwa ngwa na isi mmalite ọkụ. Nke a gụnyere ngwaọrụ ntinye nke na-emepụta X-ray na-egbuke egbuke nke ndị nchọpụta ji kpọrọ ihe, lenses nke na-elekwasị anya na X-ray ruo na nanomita ole na ole, ngwaọrụ ndị na-eme ka ụzọ X-ray si emekọrịta ihe na ihe nlele a na-amụ dịkwuo mma, na nchịkọta na njikwa nke nchọpụta APS Research na-emepụta nnukwu olu data.
Nnyocha a jiri akụrụngwa sitere na Advanced Photon Source, otu Ụlọ Ọrụ Ndị Ọrụ nke Ngalaba Ike nke US nke Argonne National Laboratory na-arụ maka Ngalaba Ike nke US n'okpuru nọmba nkwekọrịta DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Ụlọ nyocha mba Argonne na-agba mbọ idozi nsogbu dị mkpa nke sayensị na teknụzụ obodo. Dịka ụlọ nyocha mba mbụ na United States, Argonne na-eme nnyocha dị elu na nke etinyere n'ọrụ n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ngalaba sayensị niile. Ndị nchọpụta Argonne na-arụkọ ọrụ nke ọma na ndị nchọpụta sitere na ọtụtụ narị ụlọ ọrụ, mahadum, na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị etiti, steeti, na obodo iji nyere ha aka idozi nsogbu ụfọdụ, kwalite nduzi sayensị US, ma kwadebe mba ahụ maka ọdịnihu ka mma. Argonne na-ewe ndị ọrụ si ihe karịrị mba 60 n'ọrụ ma UChicago Argonne, LLC nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Sayensị nke Ngalaba Ike nke US na-arụ ọrụ ya.
Ụlọ ọrụ sayensị nke Ngalaba Ike nke US bụ onye na-akwado nnyocha bụ isi na sayensị anụ ahụ, na-arụ ọrụ iji dozie ụfọdụ nsogbu ndị kacha mkpa n'oge anyị. Maka ozi ndị ọzọ, gaa na https://energy​.gov/​science​ience.