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Ụzọ mkpirisi Adam Bobbett: Na Sorowako LRB Ọgọst 18, 2022

Sorovako, nke dị n'agwaetiti Sulawesi nke Indonesia, bụ otu n'ime ogbunigwe nickel kasị ukwuu n'ụwa. Nickel bụ akụkụ a na-adịghị ahụ anya nke ọtụtụ ihe a na-eme kwa ụbọchị: ọ na-apụ n'anya na igwe anaghị agba nchara, ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na ngwa ụlọ na electrodes na batrị. Emebere ya ihe karịrị nde afọ abụọ gara aga mgbe ugwu ndị gbara gburugburu Sorovako malitere ịpụta na mmejọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike. Ndị na-esote - ala jupụtara na ígwè oxide na nickel - ka e hiwere n'ihi nbibi nke mmiri ozuzo na-adịghị akwụsị akwụsị. Mgbe m kpụrụ skuuta ahụ rịgoro n'elu ugwu ahụ, ala gbanwere ozugbo ka ọ ghọọ ọbara ọbara nke nwere ọnyá oroma. Enwere m ike ịhụ osisi nickel n'onwe ya, chimni siri ike na-acha aja aja na-acha aja aja, nke dị ka obodo. A na-akwakọba obere taya ụgbọ ala hà. Okporo ụzọ na-esi n'ugwu ndị na-acha uhie uhie gafere na nnukwu ụgbụ na-egbochi mbuze. Ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta akụ Mercedes-Benz ụgbọ ala abụọ na-ebu ndị ọrụ. Ọkọlọtọ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ gwongworo ụlọ ọrụ na-ebuga na ụgbọ ihe mberede na-apụ apụ. Ụwa bụ ugwu ugwu na olulu, a na-apịajikwa ụwa na-acha uhie uhie n'ime trapezoid zigzag. Ejiri waya gbachiri echekwa, ọnụ ụzọ ámá, ọkụ okporo ụzọ na ndị uwe ojii ụlọ ọrụ na-echekwa ebe a na-enyefe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ London.
Ọ bụ PT Vale na-ahụ maka ogbunigwe a, bụ nke gọọmentị Indonesia na Brazil nwere nke ya, nke ndị Canada, Japanese na ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa nwere oke. Indonesia bụ onye na-emepụta nickel kasị ukwuu n'ụwa, Vale bụkwa onye nke abụọ na-egwupụta nickel na-esote Norilsk Nickel, ụlọ ọrụ Russia na-emepụta ego na Siberia. N'ọnwa Maachị, mgbe ndị Russia wakporo Ukraine, ọnụ ahịa nickel mụbara okpukpu abụọ n'otu ụbọchị ma kwụsịtụrụ ịzụ ahịa na London Metal Exchange maka otu izu. Ihe omume dị otú a na-eme ka ndị dị ka Elon Musk na-eche ebe nickel ha si bịa. N'ọnwa Mee, ya na Onye isi ala Indonesian Joko Widodo zutere iji kparịta "mmekọrịta" nwere ike ime. Ọ nwere mmasị n'ihi na ụgbọ ala eletrik dị ogologo chọrọ nickel. Batrị Tesla nwere ihe dị ka kilogram iri anọ. N'ụzọ na-enweghị atụ, gọọmentị Indonesia nwere mmasị dị ukwuu ịkwaga ụgbọ ala eletrik ma na-ezube ịgbasa ohere ịnweta Ngwuputa. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Vale na-ezube iwu ụlọ ọhụrụ abụọ na Sorovaco ma kwalite otu n'ime ha.
Ngwuputa nickel na Indonesia bụ mmepe ọhụrụ. Na mmalite narị afọ nke 20, ọchịchị colonial nke Dutch East Indies malitere inwe mmasị na "ihe onwunwe ya", àgwàetiti ndị ọzọ karịa Java na Madura, bụ nke mejupụtara nnukwu agwaetiti. N'afọ 1915, injinia Dutch bụ́ Eduard Abendanon kọrọ na ya achọpụtala ihe nkwụnye ego nickel na Sorovako. Afọ iri abụọ ka e mesịrị, HR "Flat" Elves, onye ọkà mmụta banyere mbara ala na ụlọ ọrụ Canada Inco, rutere ma gwuo olulu ule. Na Ontario, Inco na-eji nickel eme mkpụrụ ego na akụkụ maka ngwa agha, bọmbụ, ụgbọ mmiri na ụlọ ọrụ. Mgbalị Elves gbara ịgbasa na Sulawesi bụ ndị Japan weghaara Indonesia na 1942 gbochiri ya. Ruo mgbe Inco lọghachiri na 1960, nickel emetụtaghị ya.
Site na imeri nkwekọrịta Sorovaco na 1968, Inco nwere olile anya irite uru site n'ọtụtụ ọrụ dị ọnụ ala yana nkwekọrịta mbupụ na-enye nnukwu ego. Atụmatụ ahụ bụ ịrụ ebe mgbaze, mmiri mmiri iji nye ya nri, na ebe a na-egwupụta okwute, na iwebata ndị ọrụ Canada ka ha na-elekọta ya niile. Inco chọrọ ebe nchekwa maka ndị njikwa ha, mpaghara North America echedoro nke ọma na oke ọhịa Indonesian. Iji wuo ya, ha goro ndị òtù Subud nke ime mmụọ Indonesian. Onye ndu ya na onye nchoputa ya bụ Muhammad Subuh, onye rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-edekọ ego na Java na 1920s. Ọ na-ekwu na n'otu abalị, mgbe ọ na-eje ije, otu bọọlụ kpuru ìsì dara n'isi ya. Nke a na-eme ya kwa abalị ruo ọtụtụ afọ, na, dị ka o kwuru, o meghere “njikọ dị n’etiti ike Chineke nke jupụtara n’eluigwe na ala na mkpụrụ obi mmadụ.” Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1950, ọ batara na ntị John Bennett, onye Britain na-enyocha mmanụ ọkụ na onye na-eso onye mmụọ George Gurdjieff. Bennett kpọrọ Subuh ka ọ bịa England na 1957 wee laghachi na Jakarta ya na otu ọhụrụ ụmụ akwụkwọ Europe na Australian.
Na 1966, mmegharị ahụ mepụtara ụlọ ọrụ injinia na-adịghị mma nke a na-akpọ International Design Consultants, bụ nke wuru ụlọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọfịs na Jakarta (ọ mekwara atụmatụ ukwu maka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Darling na Sydney). Ọ na-atụ aro ka onye na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na Sorovako, bụ ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ na ndị Indonesia, dị anya site na ọgba aghara nke ogbunigwe, mana ha na-enye ya nke ọma. N'afọ 1975, e wuru obodo nwere nnukwu ụlọ ahịa, ụlọ ịgba tennis na ebe egwuregwu golf maka ndị ọrụ si mba ọzọ dị kilomita ole na ole site na Sorovako. Ndị uwe ojii nkeonwe na-echekwa gburugburu na ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ ahịa ahụ. Inco na-enye ọkụ eletrik, mmiri, ikuku ikuku, ekwentị na nri ebubata. Dị ka Katherine May Robinson si kwuo, bụ́ ọkà mmụta banyere ụmụ mmadụ bụ́ onye duziri ọrụ ubi n’ebe ahụ n’agbata 1977 na 1981, “ụmụ nwanyị ndị nọ na Bermuda shorts na buns na-akwọ ụgbọala gaa n’ụlọ ahịa ịzụ ahịa Pizza oyi kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ wee kwụsị maka nri nri ma ṅụọ kọfị n’èzí. Ime ụlọ nwere ntụ oyi n'ụzọ a na-alọta bụ "ụgha ọgbara ọhụrụ" sitere n'ụlọ enyi.
A ka na-echekwa ogige ahụ ma na-echekwa ya. Ugbu a ndị isi Indonesian ndị nọ n'ọkwá dị elu bi n'ebe ahụ, n'otu ụlọ nwere ubi nke ọma. Ma ogige ọha na-ejupụta na ahịhịa, simenti gbawara agbawa, na ogige egwuregwu nke mere nchara. A gbahapụrụ ụfọdụ n'ime ụlọ ndị ahụ ma ọhịa ewerela ọnọdụ ha. A gwara m na ihe efu a bụ nsonaazụ nke Vale nwetara Inco na 2006 na ịkwaga site na oge niile gaa n'ọrụ nkwekọrịta yana ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ mkpanaka. Ihe dị iche n'etiti ala ịta ahịhịa na Sorovako ugbu a bụ naanị klas dabere: ndị ọrụ na-ebi n'ime ime obodo, ndị ọrụ bi n'obodo.
Nkwekọrịta ahụ n'onwe ya enweghị ike ịnweta, ebe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ square kilomita 12,000 nke ugwu ndị nwere osisi gbara gburugburu. A na-arụ ọtụtụ ọnụ ụzọ ámá, a na-echekwa okporo ụzọ ndị ahụ. Ebe a na-egwupụta ihe na-arụsi ọrụ ike - ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ square kilomita 75 - ejiri waya gbachiri agbachi. N'otu abalị, m na-agba ọgba tum tum m na-agbago ma kwụsị. Enweghị m ike ịhụ mkpọmkpọ slag nke zoro n'azụ ugwu ahụ, mana m na-ekiri ihe foduru nke smelt, nke ka dị nso na okpomọkụ lava, na-agbada n'ugwu ahụ. Ìhè oroma ema esibe, ndien ekem obubịt enyọn̄ ama adaha ke ekịm, atara tutu ofụm efep. N'ime nkeji ole na ole ọ bụla, mgbawa ọhụrụ mmadụ mere na-amụnye ọkụ.
Naanị otu ụzọ ndị na-abụghị ndị ọrụ nwere ike isi zọpụ na ogbunigwe ahụ bụ site n'Ọdọ Mmiri Matano, yabụ m buru ụgbọ mmiri. Mgbe ahụ, Emọs, bụ́ onye bi n’ikpere mmiri, duru m gabiga n’ubi ose ruo mgbe anyị rutere n’ala ala ebe bụbu ugwu ma bụrụzi mgbọ nke nwere oghere, ọ dịghị. Mgbe ụfọdụ ị nwere ike ime njem njem na ebe obibi, ma eleghị anya, nke a bụ ebe akụkụ nke nickel si na ihe ndị nyere aka na njem m: ụgbọ ala, ụgbọ elu, skooters, laptọọpụ, ekwentị.
Editor London Review of Books, 28 Little Russell Street London, WC1A 2HNletters@lrb.co.uk Please provide name, address and telephone number.
The Editor London Review of Books 28 Little Russell Street London, WC1A 2HN Letters@lrb.co.uk Please provide name, address and phone number
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Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-31-2022