Nicr gbara gburugburu nke dabeere na ọla kọpaAlloy 180Ọkwa Klas mkpuchi waya ọla kọpa
1. Nkọwa Izugbe Ihe
1)
Manganinbụ ngwakọta nke ihe mejupụtara ya bụ ọla kọpa 84%, manganese 12%, na nickel 4%.
A na-eji waya Manganin na foil eme ihe n'ịmepụta resistors, karịsịa ammeter shunt, n'ihi na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ enweghị oke okpomọkụ nke iguzogide na nkwụsi ike ogologo oge. Ọtụtụ resistors Manganin jere ozi dị ka ọkọlọtọ iwu maka ohm na United States site na 1901 ruo 1990. A na-ejikwa waya Manganin dị ka onye na-eduzi eletriki na sistemụ cryogenic, na-ebelata mbufe okpomọkụ n'etiti isi ihe ndị chọrọ njikọ eletriki.
A na-ejikwa Manganin eme ihe n'ihe gbasara igwe ọkụ eletrik dị elu (dịka ndị sitere na mgbawa nke ihe mgbawa) n'ihi na ọ nwere obere mmetụta nrụgide mana ọ nwere nnukwu mmetụta nrụgide hydrostatic.
2)
Kọnstantanbụ ihe eji emepụta ọla kọpa-nickel nke a makwaara dịkaEureka, Ọganihu, naỤgbọ mmiriỌ na-abụkarị 55% ọla kọpa na 45% nickel. Isi ihe dị na ya bụ iguzogide ya, nke na-adịgide adịgide n'ọtụtụ okpomọkụ dị iche iche. A maara alloys ndị ọzọ nwere obere okpomọkụ yiri nke ahụ, dị ka manganin (Cu)86Mn12Ni2).
Maka nha nke nnukwu ụdị nje, 5% (50 000 microstrian) ma ọ bụ karịa, annealed constantan (P alloy) bụ ihe grid a na-ahọrọkarị. Constantan n'ụdị a dị oke ductile; na, n'ogologo nha nke 0.125 sentimita asatọ (3.2 mm) na karịa, enwere ike ịta ya ruo >20%. Agbanyeghị, ekwesịrị iburu n'uche na n'okpuru ụdị nje nje nje nje nje nje nje nje nje nje nje nje nje nje nje nje nje nje nje nje nje nje bacteria P ga-egosipụta mgbanwe nrụgide na-adịgide adịgide na okirikiri ọ bụla, ma mee ka mgbanwe efu dakọtara na nha nje nje nje nje. N'ihi njirimara a, na ọchịchọ maka ọdịda grid tupu oge eruo na nrụgide ugboro ugboro, a naghị akwado P alloy maka ngwa nje nje nje nje nje nje. A na-enweta P alloy na ọnụọgụ STC nke 08 na 40 maka ojiji na ọla na plastik, n'otu n'otu.
2. Okwu Mmalite na ngwa nke Waya Enamel
Ọ bụ ezie na a kọwara waya enamel dị ka "enameled", n'eziokwu, anaghị ekpuchi ya na akwa enamel ma ọ bụ vitreous enamel nke e ji ntụ ntụ iko gwakọtara agwakọta. Waya magnet nke oge a na-ejikarị otu ruo anọ (n'ihe gbasara waya ụdị quad-film) nke mkpuchi ihe nkiri polymer, nke na-abụkarị ihe mejupụtara abụọ dị iche iche, iji nye oyi akwa mkpuchi siri ike, na-aga n'ihu. Ihe nkiri mkpuchi waya magnet na-eji (n'usoro okpomọkụ na-abawanye) polyvinyl formal (Formar), polyurethane, polyimide, polyamide, polyster, polyester-polyimide, polyamide-polyimide (ma ọ bụ amide-imide), na polyimide. Waya magnet nke Polyimide nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ ruo 250 °C. A na-ejikarị teepu polyimide ma ọ bụ fiberglass dị oke ibu kpuchie waya magnet nke nwere akụkụ anọ ma ọ bụ akụkụ anọ site n'iji teepu polyimide ma ọ bụ fiberglass kpuchie ya, a na-etinyekwa windings emechara na vacuum iji melite ike mkpuchi na ntụkwasị obi ogologo oge nke winding.
A na-eji waya kpuchie eriri ndị na-akwado onwe ha ma ọ dịkarịa ala akwa abụọ, nke kachasị mpụta bụ thermoplastic nke na-ejikọta ntụgharị ahụ mgbe a na-ekpo ọkụ.
A na-ejikwa ụdị mkpuchi ndị ọzọ dịka eriri fiberglass nwere varnish, akwụkwọ aramid, akwụkwọ kraft, mica, na ihe nkiri polyester n'ụwa niile maka ọtụtụ ọrụ dịka transformers na reactors. Na ngalaba ọdịyo, enwere ike ịchọta waya nke ihe owuwu ọlaọcha, na ihe mkpuchi ndị ọzọ dị iche iche, dị ka owu (mgbe ụfọdụ a na-ejupụta na ụdị ihe na-eme ka ihe dị arọ/dị arọ, dị ka beeswax) na polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Ihe mkpuchi ochie gụnyere owu, akwụkwọ, ma ọ bụ silk, mana ndị a bara uru naanị maka ojiji dị ala (ruo 105°C).
Maka mfe imepụta ihe, ụfọdụ waya magnet nke nwere obere okpomọkụ nwere ihe mkpuchi nke enwere ike iwepụ site na okpomọkụ nke ihe mkpuchi. Nke a pụtara na enwere ike ịme njikọ eletriki na nsọtụ ya na-ebughị ụzọ wepụ ihe mkpuchi ahụ.
3. Ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ na ihe onwunwe bụ isi nke Cu-Ni Low Resistance Alloy
| NjirimaraGrade | CuNi1 | CuNi2 | CuNi6 | CuNi8 | CuMn3 | CuNi10 | |
| Isi ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ | Ni | 1 | 2 | 6 | 8 | _ | 10 |
| Mn | _ | _ | _ | _ | 3 | _ | |
| Cu | Bọọl | Bọọl | Bọọl | Bọọl | Bọọl | Bọọl | |
| Oke Okpomọkụ Ọrụ Na-aga n'ihu (oC) | 200 | 200 | 200 | 250 | 200 | 250 | |
| Ndozi ike na 20oC (Ωmm2/m) | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.15 | |
| Njupụta (g/cm3) | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.8 | 8.9 | |
| Ọgbakọ okpomọkụ (α×10-6/oC) | <100 | <120 | <60 | <57 | <38 | <50 | |
| Ike nrụgide (Mpa) | ≥210 | ≥220 | ≥250 | ≥270 | ≥290 | ≥290 | |
| EMF vs Cu(μV/oC)(0~100oC) | -8 | -12 | -12 | -22 | _ | -25 | |
| Ebe Mgbaze Dị Ihe Dị Ka Ya (oC) | 1085 | 1090 | 1095 | 1097 | 1050 | 1100 | |
| Nhazi Micrographic | austenit | austenit | austenit | austenit | austenit | austenit | |
| Njirimara Magnetik | abụghị | abụghị | abụghị | abụghị | abụghị | abụghị | |
| NjirimaraGrade | CuNi14 | CuNi19 | CuNi23 | CuNi30 | CuNi34 | CuNi44 | |
| Isi ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ | Ni | 14 | 19 | 23 | 30 | 34 | 44 |
| Mn | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Cu | Bọọl | Bọọl | Bọọl | Bọọl | Bọọl | Bọọl | |
| Oke Okpomọkụ Ọrụ Na-aga n'ihu (oC) | 300 | 300 | 300 | 350 | 350 | narị anọ | |
| Ndozi ike na 20oC (Ωmm2/m) | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.40 | 0.49 | |
| Njupụta (g/cm3) | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | |
| Ọgbakọ okpomọkụ (α×10-6/oC) | <30 | <25 | <16 | <10 | <0 | <-6 | |
| Ike nrụgide (Mpa) | ≥310 | ≥340 | ≥350 | ≥400 | ≥400 | ≥420 | |
| EMF vs Cu(μV/oC)(0~100oC) | -28 | -32 | -34 | -37 | -39 | -43 | |
| Ebe Mgbaze Dị Ihe Dị Ka Ya (oC) | 1115 | 1135 | 1150 | 1170 | 1180 | 1280 | |
| Nhazi Micrographic | austenit | austenit | austenit | austenit | austenit | austenit | |
| Njirimara Magnetik | abụghị | abụghị | abụghị | abụghị | abụghị | abụghị | |
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